嵌入式系统中linux内核insmod时出现Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address xxxx可能的原因

最近的研究当中，需要给一个已知的linux系统编译内核模块，不过没有对方的源码，只知道一个内核版本，所以就想着直接从kernel.org去下载对应版本的源码，先编译内核，再利用编译好的内核信息去编译对应的内核模块。但编译完内核模块发现，insmod并没有出现不兼容的问题，却发生了segment fault的crash，大概长这样：

经过研究发现，其实module已经load成功了，但是在做一些处理工作的时候出现了问题。经过测试发现，其实是kernel配置的问题，如果kernel配置的时候

CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL选项是打开的，编译模块所使用的kernel也需要打开，否则就会出现图中的crash。

这个选项在的说明是：

CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL:                                                                                   │  
  │                                                                                                      │  
  │ This option enables a transparent branch optimization that                                           │  
  │ makes certain almost-always-true or almost-always-false branch                                       │  
  │ conditions even cheaper to execute within the kernel.                                                │  
  │                                                                                                      │  
  │ Certain performance-sensitive kernel code, such as trace points,                                     │  
  │ scheduler functionality, networking code and KVM have such                                           │  
  │ branches and include support for this optimization technique.                                        │  
  │                                                                                                      │  
  │ If it is detected that the compiler has support for "asm goto",                                      │  
  │ the kernel will compile such branches with just a nop                                                │  
  │ instruction. When the condition flag is toggled to true, the                                         │  
  │ nop will be converted to a jump instruction to execute the                                           │  
  │ conditional block of instructions.                                                                   │  
  │                                                                                                      │  
  │ This technique lowers overhead and stress on the branch prediction                                   │  
  │ of the processor and generally makes the kernel faster. The update                                   │  
  │ of the condition is slower, but those are always very rare.                                          │  
  │                                                                                                      │  
  │ ( On 32-bit x86, the necessary options added to the compiler                                         │  
  │   flags may increase the size of the kernel slightly. )                                              │  
  │                                                                                                      │  
  │ Symbol: JUMP_LABEL [=y]                                                                              │  
  │ Type  : boolean                                                                                      │  
  │ Prompt: Optimize very unlikely/likely branches                                                       │  
  │   Location:                                                                                          │  
  │     -> General setup                                                                                 │  
  │   Defined at arch/Kconfig:49                                                                         │  
  │   Depends on: HAVE_ARCH_JUMP_LABEL [=y]  

大概就是内核针对分支跳转的优化支持，如果内核不支持这个特性而模块使用这个特性的话，或者是模块支持这个特性而内核不支持的话，就会发生crash了。所以，修改内核配置重新编译，问题解决。